منابع مشابه
HBV-Specific Adaptive Immunity
The successful control of HBV infection requires an efficient expansion of distinct elements of the adaptive immune system (B cells, helper and cytotoxic T cells) that, due to the hepatotropic nature of HBV, need to operate in the liver parenchyma. In this respect, we will discuss broad features of HBV immunity in patients with resolved or chronic HBV infection and analyze how the liver environ...
متن کاملAdaptive immunity.
The innate immune system provides critical mechanisms for the rapid sensing and elimination of pathogens. Adaptive immunity has evolved to provide a broader and more finely tuned repertoire of recognition for both self- and nonself-antigens. Adaptive immunity involves a tightly regulated interplay between antigen-presenting cells and T and B lymphocytes, which facilitate pathogen-specific immun...
متن کاملBalance lost: T cell immunity in progressive HBV infection.
An efficient, coordinated immune response is key to the resolution of viral infections. Indeed, the spontaneous elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) during acute infection is associated with the emergence of functionally competent antiviral CD8? and CD4? T cell responses [1]. In contrast, chronic infection is characterized by the presence of dysfunctional HBV-specific CD8? T cells that are un...
متن کاملAdjuvants of Immunity: Harnessing Innate Immunity to Promote Adaptive Immunity
Since Jules Freund reported that crude mycobacterial extracts greatly promoted immune responses to antigens (1), the use of adjuvants has become a widespread, but poorly understood practice to promote T and B cell responses (2). Recent studies have begun to identify the chemical nature of several adjuvants and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of their long-elusive immunologi-cal effects. F...
متن کاملTrained immunity in newborn infants of HBV-infected mothers
The newborn immune system is characterized by an impaired Th1-associated immune response. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmitted from infected mothers to newborns is thought to exploit the newborns' immune system immaturity by inducing a state of immune tolerance that facilitates HBV persistence. Contrary to this hypothesis, we demonstrate here that HBV exposure in utero triggers a state of traine...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Viruses
سال: 2009
ISSN: 1999-4915
DOI: 10.3390/v1020091